Sociodemographic features incorporated racial mind-group (white otherwise non-light elizabeth.grams. black, brownish, purple, otherwise indigenous), host to quarters (metropolitan otherwise outlying), schooling (0–4, 5–8, 9–eleven, otherwise ? a dozen age), and you will monthly family money for each capita inside tertiles (low, center, otherwise large). This new urban–rural group try according to the strategies utilized by the newest Brazilian Institute away from Geography and you may Analytics (into the Portuguese, IBGE) within the 2010 populace census out of management constraints lay out by the regional statutes. In this for each municipality’s limitations, such local guidelines expose an imaginary range named “urban fringe”. Brand new census tracts discover in the “urban fringe” is termed urban, while the remaining elements is designated rural. Additional guidance try obtained because of a face-to-face interviews in the participant’s domestic.
Anthropometric details
Height was measured in Hvordan hГҐndtere sjalusi i et ГҐpent forhold centimeters (cm) using a portable vertical stadiometer (NutriVida®, Brazil) with the participants barefoot with legs and feet parallel, weight distributed on both feet, arms relaxed at the sides, palms facing the body, and head in the Frankfurt horizontal plane. Weight was measured in kilograms (kg) using a portable digital scale (SECA®, Germany) with participants barefoot. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio between weight in kilograms (kg) and height in square meters (m 2 ). BMI cutoff points were based on the World Health Organization recommendation: underweight (< 18.5> 94 cm in men and > 80 cm in women were considered “increased” since they are associated with a higher risk of metabolic complications . All anthropometric variables were measured twice during the home visit by trained interviewers and the mean of the measurements was used in the analyses. Further information can be seen in the handbook on the survey homepage (
Analytical data
Additionally, we provided information on the most prevalent chronic diseases diagnosed by a physician in our sample. Secondly, fractional polynomial regression models were fitted to estimate the percentiles (P5, P10, P20, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P95) of HGS by age group and sex. This method provides smooth centile curves and explicit formulae for the percentile estimates. Diagnostic tests were used to evaluate the model fit (normal plot of the Z-scores, Shapiro–Wilk test, and residuals plot). The model was fitted by maximum likelihood, which accounts for non-normal skewness and/or kurtosis in the data . Thirdly, HGS centile curves for men and women were plotted in charts. Finally, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models separate for men and women were created to investigate the sociodemographic and anthropometric variables associated with muscle weakness, being estimated the odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI. Variables with p < 0.20>
Results
Figure 1 describes the flow chart of the participants throughout the study. Our analytical sample was composed of 7905 participants aged 50–101 years (63.1 ± 9.1 years): 3162 men (63.2 ± 8.7 years) and 4743 women (63.1 ± 9.4 years). The excluding participants were similar to including participants regarding sex (p = 0.092), schooling (p = 0.813), and monthly household income per capita (p = 0.189) but tended to be older (? 80 years: 11.8% vs. 6.5%, respectively, p < 0.001).
The characteristics of one’s analysis users because of the sex is visible inside the Table step 1. Both in sexes, extremely people was indeed non-white, lived-in the newest area, got 0–cuatro years of education, and you will presented increased sides width. Towards Bmi, overweight is actually the most common category for males (42.9%), when you are obese and you may carrying excess fat got nearly comparable wavelengths for women (36.9% and you may thirty-five.4%, respectively). Off persistent diseases, 49.1% off professionals claimed with a health medical diagnosis out-of arterial blood circulation pressure, 17.4% of all forms of diabetes mellitus, eleven.5% away from weakening of bones, eight.4% away from center disease (angina, myocardial infarction, and you will heart inability), and you can 5.7% of breathing ailment (asthma and you may persistent obstructive pulmonary situation).